Types of roots (the discriminant)

In quadratic equations, we commonly find the x-intercepts. These values tell us where the graph cuts the x-axis. The x-intercepts can also be called roots.

There are 3 types of roots:

THE DISCRIMINANT

It is possible to determine what roots the function will have without drawing a graph or solving the equation by using the discriminant.

Discriminant = ∆ (we use this symbol to represent it)

Referring to the quadratic equation, the discriminant is the part under the square root.

FINDING THE TYPES OF ROOTS USING THE DISCRIMINANT

If…

  • ∆ > 0 – 2 distinct real numbers
  • ∆ < 0 – No real roots
  • ∆ = 0 – Repeated roots / equal roots

WHY?

In order to understand why this is true, it is useful to substitute these values into the quadratic equation and see what happens.

The ± is still there which means you will get 2 answers.

The ± disappears so there will only be 1 answer.

The square root is negative which means the answer won’t be real numbers.

Have any questions? Leave a comment below!


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